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Linux «ü¥O¤j¥þ(1)
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cat cd
chmod chown
cp cut
¦WºÙ¡Gcat
¨Ï¥ÎÅv¡G©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡Gcat [-AbeEnstTuv] [help] [version] fileName
»¡©ú¡G§âÀɮצê³s±µ«á¶Ç¨ì°ò¥»¿é¥X¡]¿Ã¹õ©Î¥[ > fileName ¨ì¥t¤@ÓÀɮס^
°Ñ¼Æ¡G
-n ©Î number ¥Ñ 1 ¶}©l¹ï©Ò¦³¿é¥Xªº¦æ¼Æ½s¸¹
-b ©Î number-nonblank ©M -n ¬Û¦ü¡A¥u¤£¹L¹ï©óªÅ¥Õ¦æ¤£½s¸¹
-s ©Î squeeze-blank ·í¹J¨ì¦³³sÄò¨â¦æ¥H¤WªºªÅ¥Õ¦æ¡A´N¥N´«爲¤@¦æªºªÅ¥Õ¦æ
-v ©Î show-nonprinting
½d¨Ò¡G
cat -n textfile1 > textfile2 §â textfile1 ªºÀɮפº®e¥[¤W¦æ¸¹«á¿é¤J textfile2 ³oÓÀÉ®×ùØ
cat -b textfile1 textfile2 >> textfile3 §â textfile1 ©M textfile2 ªºÀɮפº®e¥[¤W¦æ¸¹¡]ªÅ¥Õ¦æ¤£¥[¡^¤§«á±N¤º®eªþ¥[¨ì textfile3
¦WºÙ : cd
¨Ï¥ÎÅv : ©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡ : cd [dirName]
»¡©ú : ÅÜ´«¤u§@¥Ø¿ý¦Ü dirName¡C ¨ä¤¤ dirName ªí¥Üªk¥i爲µ´¹ï¸ô®|©Î¬Û¹ï¸ô®|¡CY¥Ø¿ý¦WºÙ¬Ù²¤¡A«hÅÜ´«¦Ü¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº home directory (¤]´N¬Oè login ®É©Ò¦bªº¥Ø¿ý)¡C
¥t¥~¡A"~" ¤]ªí¥Ü爲 home directory ªº·N«ä¡A"." «h¬Oªí¥Ü¥Ø«e©Ò¦bªº¥Ø¿ý¡A".." «hªí¥Ü¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¦ì¸mªº¤W¤@¼h¥Ø¿ý¡C
½d¨Ò : ¸õ¨ì /usr/bin/ :
cd /usr/bin
¸õ¨ì¦Û¤vªº home directory :
cd ~
¸õ¨ì¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ýªº¤W¤W¨â¼h :
cd ../..
«ü¥O¦WºÙ : chmod
¨Ï¥ÎÅv : ©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡ : chmod [-cfvR] [help] [version] mode file...
»¡©ú : Linux/Unix ªºÀɮצs¨ú³\¥iÅv¤À爲¤T¯Å : ÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡B¸s²Õ¡B¨ä¥L¡C§Q¥Î chmod ¥i¥HÂÇ¥H±±¨îÀɮצp¦ó³Q¥L¤H©Ò¦s¨ú¡C
§âp :
mode : ³\¥iÅv³]©w¦r¦ê¡A®æ¦¡¦p¤U : [ugoa...][[+-=][rwxX]...][,...]¡A¨ä¤¤u ªí¥Ü¸ÓÀɮתº¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡Ag ªí¥Ü»P¸ÓÀɮתº¾Ö¦³ªÌÄÝ©ó¦P¤@Ó¸sÅé(group)ªÌ¡Ao ªí¥Ü¨ä¥L¥H¥~ªº¤H¡Aa ªí¥Ü³o¤TªÌ¬Ò¬O¡C
+ ªí¥Ü¼W¥[³\¥iÅv¡B- ªí¥Ü¨ú®ø³\¥iÅv¡B= ªí¥Ü°ß¤@³]©w³\¥iÅv¡C
r ªí¥Ü¥iŪ¨ú¡Aw ªí¥Ü¥i¼g¤J¡Ax ªí¥Ü¥i°õ¦æ¡AX ªí¥Ü¥u¦³·í¸ÓÀɮ׬OÓ¤l¥Ø¿ý©ÎªÌ¸ÓÀɮפw¸g³Q³]©w¹L爲¥i°õ¦æ¡C
-c : Y¸ÓÀɮ׳\¥iÅv½T¹ê¤w¸g§ó§ï¡A¤~Åã¥Ü¨ä§ó§ï°Ê§@
-f : Y¸ÓÀɮ׳\¥iÅvµLªk³Q§ó§ï¤]¤£nÅã¥Ü¿ù»~°T®§
-v : Åã¥Ü³\¥iÅvÅܧ󪺸ԲӸê®Æ
-R : ¹ï¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×»P¤l¥Ø¿ý¶i¦æ¬Û¦Pªº³\¥iÅvÅܧó(§Y¥H»¼¦^ªº¤è¦¡³vÓÅܧó)
help : Åã¥Ü»²§U»¡©ú
version : Åã¥Üª©¥»
½d¨Ò :±NÀÉ®× file1.txt ³]爲©Ò¦³¤H¬Ò¥iŪ¨ú :
chmod ugo+r file1.txt
±NÀÉ®× file1.txt ³]爲©Ò¦³¤H¬Ò¥iŪ¨ú :
chmod a+r file1.txt
±NÀÉ®× file1.txt »P file2.txt ³]爲¸ÓÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡A»P¨ä©ÒÄݦP¤@Ó¸sÅéªÌ¥i¼g¤J¡A¦ý¨ä¥L¥H¥~ªº¤H«h¤£¥i¼g¤J :
chmod ug+w,o-w file1.txt file2.txt
±N ex1.py ³]©w爲¥u¦³¸ÓÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¥i¥H°õ¦æ :
chmod u+x ex1.py
±N¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×»P¤l¥Ø¿ý¬Ò³]爲¥ô¦ó¤H¥iŪ¨ú :
chmod -R a+r *
¦¹¥~chmod¤]¥i¥H¥Î¼Æ¦ì¨Óªí¥Ü³\¥iÅv¦p chmod 777 file
»yªk爲¡Gchmod abc file
¨ä¤¤a,b,c¦U爲¤@ӼƦì¡A¤À§Oªí¥ÜUser¡BGroup¡B¤ÎOtherªº³\¥iÅv¡C
r=4¡Aw=2¡Ax=1
YnrwxÄÝ©Ê«h4+2+1=7¡F
Ynrw-ÄÝ©Ê«h4+2=6¡F
Ynr-xÄÝ©Ê«h4+1=7¡C
½d¨Ò¡G
chmod a=rwx file
©M
chmod 777 file
®ÄªG¬Û¦P
chmod ug=rwx,o=x file
©M
chmod 771 file
®ÄªG¬Û¦P
Y¥Îchmod 4755 filename¥i¨Ï¦¹µ{¦¡¨ã¦³rootªº³\¥iÅv
«ü¥O¦WºÙ : chown
¨Ï¥ÎÅv : root
¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡ : chmod [-cfhvR] [help] [version] user[:group] file...
»¡©ú : Linux/Unix ¬O¦h¤H¦h¤u§@·~¨t²Î¡A©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׬Ҧ³¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡C§Q¥Î chown ¥i¥H±NÀɮתº¾Ö¦³ªÌ¥[¥H§ïÅÜ¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A³oÓ«ü¥O¥u¦³¬O¥Ñ¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ(root)©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡A¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨S¦³³\¥iÅv¥i¥H§ïÅܧO¤HªºÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡A¤]¨S¦³³\¥iÅv¥i¥H¦Û¤vªºÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ§ï³]爲§O¤H¡C¥u¦³¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ(root)¤~¦³³o¼Ëªº³\¥iÅv¡C
§âp :
user : ·sªºÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ IDgroup : ·sªºÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸sÅé(group)-c : Y¸ÓÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ½T¹ê¤w¸g§ó§ï¡A¤~Åã¥Ü¨ä§ó§ï°Ê§@-f : Y¸ÓÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌµLªk³Q§ó§ï¤]¤£nÅã¥Ü¿ù»~°T®§-h : ¥u¹ï©ó³sµ²(link)¶i¦æÅܧó¡A¦Ó«D¸Ó link ¯u¥¿«ü¦VªºÀÉ®×-v : Åã¥Ü¾Ö¦³ªÌÅܧ󪺸ԲӸê®Æ-R : ¹ï¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×»P¤l¥Ø¿ý¶i¦æ¬Û¦Pªº¾Ö¦³ªÌÅܧó(§Y¥H»¼¦^ªº¤è¦¡³vÓÅܧó)help : Åã¥Ü»²§U»¡©úversion : Åã¥Üª©¥»
½d¨Ò :
±NÀÉ®× file1.txt ªº¾Ö¦³ªÌ³]爲 users ¸sÅ骺¨Ï¥ÎªÌ jessie :
chown jessie:users file1.txt
±N¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×»P¤l¥Ø¿ýªº¾Ö¦³ªÌ¬Ò³]爲 users ¸sÅ骺¨Ï¥ÎªÌ lamport :
chmod -R lamport:users *
¦WºÙ¡Gcp
¨Ï¥ÎÅv¡G©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡G
cp [options] source dest
cp [options] source... directory
»¡©ú¡G±N¤@ÓÀɮ׫þ¨©¦Ü¥t¤@ÀɮסA©Î±N¼ÆÓÀɮ׫þ¨©¦Ü¥t¤@¥Ø¿ý¡C
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